If your doctor has requested a semen analysis and you want to know all about it, continue reading this article.

What is Semen Analysis?

Semen is a thick, white fluid that contains sperm and other substances like sugar and proteins. Men ejaculate it during orgasm.(2)

Semen analysis, also known as a sperm count test, is a lab test to evaluate various aspects of sperm health and quality. It involves collecting a sample of semen and examining it under a microscope.

This analysis measures three major factors of sperm health: (1)(2)

1. Sperm count.
2. Sperm morphology (shape).
3. Sperm motility (movement).

When Should It Be Done?

Doctors may request this analysis in the following cases:

• Test for male infertility

 Couples may face trouble getting pregnant due to male fertility issues. Approximately half of the infertility cases are attributed to male factors, and semen analysis helps assess the man’s contribution to the fertility problem. If you have been trying to have a baby for 12 months or more without success, your doctor may request this analysis. (1)(3)(4)

• Test for Vasectomy Success

 Suppose you have recently undergone a vasectomy (a surgical procedure for preventing pregnancy), where the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the penis are cut. In that case, your doctor may request a semen analysis. Typically, doctors ask for a semen analysis 8 – 16 weeks after the surgery to evaluate the procedure’s success. The absence of sperm in the semen indicates a successful vasectomy.

It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions and guidelines for collecting the semen sample to ensure accurate results.(1)(3)(4)

How is the Test Performed?

Here is everything you need to know about how this analysis is conducted:

• Preparation for the Analysis

To obtain accurate results, follow these instructions before undergoing the analysis:(1)(2)

1. Abstain from sexual activity (intercourse and masturbation) for 2-7 days.
2. Avoid alcohol, drugs, and caffeine for 2-5 days before the test.
3. Stop taking any herbal medications and hormonal drugs (such as testosterone) as instructed by your healthcare provider.

• Procedure for the Analysis

Your doctor will ask you to collect a sample of semen in a sterile container for microscopic examination. Here are some key tips for collecting the sample:(1)(2)(3)

1. Ensure you urinate, wash your hands, and clean your penis before collecting the sample.
2. Collect the sample by masturbating into the collection cup in a private room. It may be possible for men to collect the sample at home. Still, it is necessary to keep it at an appropriate temperature and deliver it to the laboratory within 30 – 60 minutes before the sperm begin to die.
3. Avoid using lubricants and saliva when collecting the sample, as they can affect the sperm’s ability to move.

Results of Semen Analysis

Here is everything related to the results of this analysis:

• When do the Results Appear?

The results should be ready within 24 hours to a week after the sample collection.(2)

• What are the Normal Results?

The following table illustrates the normal results for semen analysis:(2)(5)